![](https://news.thuocsi.com.vn/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Dieu-tri-viem-am-dao.png)
Viêm âm đạo là bệnh khá thường gặp ở phụ nữ. Nếu không được phát hiện và điều trị kịp thời, bệnh sẽ diễn biến xấu và tác động tiêu cực đến sức khỏe sinh sản!
Bệnh viêm âm đạo là gì?
Viêm âm đạo là bệnh xảy ra khi vi trùng thường trú âm đạo bị biến đổi do các tác nhân bên ngoài (nhiễm vi sinh) hoặc do thay đổi môi trường âm đạo.
3 tác nhân gây viêm âm đạo thường gặp:
1. Nhiễm khuẩn âm đạo (40-50%)
Đây là nguyên nhân thường gặp nhất.
Tác nhân: nhiều nhất là G.vaginalis, Mycoplasma Hominis. Thường xảy ra sau giao hợp, thụt rửa âm đạo.
Chẩn đoán: Bệnh nhân than phiền có nhiều huyết trắng, mùi hôi, đặc biệt sau giao hợp, hành kinh. Chẩn đoán phân biệt: Viêm âm đạo do Trichomonas (có triệu chứng).
Điều trị: Kháng sinh uống; Thuốc đặt tại chỗ; Vệ sinh hằng ngày bằng dung dịch sát khuẩn.
2. Viêm âm đạo do nấm
75% phụ nữ sẽ bị ít nhất 1 lần viêm âm đạo do nấm và 40% sẽ bị tái phát 2-3 lần. Thông thường là do Candida Albican (80-90%) hoặc cũng có thể do C.glabrata, C.tropicalis.
Môi trường acid rất thích hợp cho nấm phát triển. Ngoài ra, bệnh còn có thể lây qua móng tay và đường tình dục.
![](https://news.thuocsi.com.vn/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/viem-am-dao-do-nam.jpg)
Triệu chứng lâm sàng: Ngứa, nóng rát hoặc ngứa âm đạo, khí hư âm đạo là những triệu chứng điển hình.
Điều trị: Kháng nấm uống (chủ yếu nhóm azol); Đặt thuốc có hoạt chất kết hợp; Tăng đề kháng; Dùng thuốc rửa âm đạo.
3. Viêm âm đạo do Trichomonas Vaginalis
Lây lan qua đường tình dục với tỷ lệ lây nhiễm cao. Có khoảng 70% đàn ông bị nhiễm sau khi giao hợp với phụ nữ mắc bệnh. Ước tính có khoảng 120 triệu phụ nữ nhiễm Trichomonas trên toàn thế giới.
Lâm sàng: Huyết trắng nhiều, màu vàng hay xanh, có bọt, mùi tanh kèm vớ ngứa rát âm hộ. Trường hợp nặng: niêm mạc âm đạo và có những điểm xuất huyết nhỏ lấm tấm.
Điều trị: Sử dụng Kháng sinh đường uống; Điều trị cho bạn tình; Dùng dung dịch sát khuẩn rửa âm đạo; Tăng đề kháng.
Một số loại thuốc đặt viêm âm đạo
1. Neotergynan
Thành phần: Neomycin, Nystatin, Metronidazole.
Giải thích: Neomycin là kháng sinh thuộc nhóm Aminoglycosid, Nystatin là kháng nấm, Metronidazol là kháng sinh-kháng ký sinh trùng thuộc nhóm 5-nitro-imidazole.
Chỉ định: Điều trị các trường hợp viêm âm đạo do nấm, trichomonas, vi khuẩn.
2. Meclon
Thành phần: Clotrimazol, Metronidazol.
Giải thích: Clotrimazol là kháng nấm, metronidazol là kháng sinh-kháng ký sinh trùng thuộc nhóm 5-nitro-imidazol.
Chỉ định điều trị: Các trường hợp viêm nhiễm âm đạo do nấm, vi khuẩn.
3. Megyna
Thành phần: Chloramphenicol, Dexamethasone, Metronidazol, Nystatin.
Giải thích: Chloramphenicol là kháng sinh thuộc nhóm Phenicol, Dexa là kháng viêm thuộc nhóm Corticoid, Metronidazol và nystin đã giải thích ở các thuốc trên.
Chỉ định điều trị: Các trường hợp viêm nhiễm âm đạo do nấm, vi khuẩn.
4. Itamelagin
Thành phần: Metronidazol, Miconazol, Lactrobacillus.
Giải thích: Metronidazol đã giải thích ở trên, Miconazol là kháng nấm. Lactrobacillus Acidophilus.
Chỉ định: Điều trị các trường hợp nhiễm khuẩn, nhiễm nấm âm đạo. Lactrobacillus có vai trò làm ổn định sinh lý âm đạo (đại khái nó là vi sinh có lợi , bổ sung).
5. Polygynax
Thành phần: Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Nystatin.
Giải thích: Neomycin là kháng sinh Aminoglycosid, Polymyxin B là kháng sinh, Nystatin là kháng nấm.
Chỉ định: Điều trị các trường hợp nhiễm nấm, nhiễm khuẩn âm đạo.
![](https://news.thuocsi.com.vn/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Viem-am-dao-1024x538.png)
Hướng dẫn cách đặt thuốc cho bệnh nhân
Đầu tiên nên chuẩn bị: Thuốc đặt, bao cao su, nước ấm.
Bước 1: Với dạng thuốc viên nén cần nhúng vào nước tạo độ ấm rồi hãy đưa vào âm đạo.
Bước 2: Nằm kê mông cao dựng đầu gối hoặc người ở tư thế vừa ngồi vừa nằm. Kẹp thuốc vào ngón tay, từ từ đưa thuốc vào, càng sâu càng tốt. Và nên nhớ hãy dùng bao cao su để tránh nhiễm trùng.
Xem thêm về bệnh đau mắt đỏ tại đây
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